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| Overview |
Benefits |
Features |
Science |
Modules |
FAQ |
Requirements |
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In oil and gas exploration and production, state-of-the-art 3D modeling and construction of 3D grids is similar among competing applications: The conventional technique for constructing a model is pillar-based. Unfortunately, in environments containing Y faults or oblique faults, pillar-based construction requires modifications of the fault geometry and/or removal from the model. The technique introduces deformations of the grid cell geometry, which adversely affects the distribution of petrophysical properties and flow simulation results.
A Step-Change in Modeling
SKUA® (Subsurface Knowledge Unified Approach) is a 3D methodology that unifies all subsurface discrete models. SKUA embeds a native, fully-3D description of the faulted volumes. This is achieved by using the UVT Transform®, a technology based on the observation that horizons represent geochronologic surfaces. Working with a paleo-geographically correct mesh, geoscientists can model geobodies, reservoir properties and other attributes in their true depositional state without distorting the current geometry or the paleo-geometry.
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Workflow optimization
A UVT model can be used to construct (typically in one step), different input for many processes.
- Velocity models for imaging
- Geological grids for geostatistical simulation of rock properties; these are computed directly from the UVT model without any additional user interaction
- Reservoir grids for reservoir simulation extracted directly from the UVT model. The only optional user interaction is the definition of potential alignment to faults.
- 2D high-quality prospect maps
- Geomechanical grids for coupled flow-geomechanical simulations
- 4D basin modeling grids (combining SKUA model and 3D restoration in Kine3D-3).
- Paleo-flattening of seismic volumes to perform interpretation QC and UVT model QC.
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| System Requirements for SKUA Modeling |
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All 64-bit, for x64 architecture processors
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Microsoft® Windows® 7, XP, Vista
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Red Hat® Enterprise Linux® 5.3 and above, 6.0 and above
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CUDA/GPU functionality requires NVIDIA® Quadro® 4000 or above graphics card
Interoperability Options
All Epos®-based applications enable interoperability with third-party data stores, including:
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OpenWorks® 2003.12
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OpenWorks R5000
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GeoFrame® 4.5
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OpenSpirit® 3.2.3
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UVT Transform®
Any particle of sediment observed today in the geological domain G holds a series of properties, such as:
- The coordinates (x,y,z) where (x,y) are the geographical coordinates and (z) is the altitude as observed today;
- The coordinates (u,v,t) where (t) is the geological time of deposition of the particle and (u,v) are its paleo-geographic coordinates at geological time (t).
The (x,y,z) coordinates and the (u,v,t) paleo-coordinates so defined are intimately linked to each other by the following three functions:
u = u(x,y,z) ; v = v(x,y,z) ; t =t (x,y,z)
The functions u(x,y,z), v(x,y,z) and t(x,y,z) allow any location (x,y,z) in the geological domain G to be transformed into a location (u,v,t) in the depositional domain G*: Such a transformation is called UVT Transform.
3D Geological Mapping
The SKUA UVT model is geologically constrained by a series of rules. These include:
- Dip/azimuth information anywhere in the volume. Example: Well dip meter data or surface dip measurements provide internal layer geometry information used by the UVT Transform.
- Well path information. Example: The layer geometry is constrained by the fact that a particular section of the well path did not intersect the top or base of the layer.
- Fault type (normal, inverse) information. Example: Ensuring that horizon contacts do not cross on the fault plane.
- Sequential stratigraphic rule and erosion rules. Example: Ensuring that the horizon was not deposited in a particular area.
- Intra-formation chrono-stratigraphy. Similar to dip meter data, intra-layer picks can be used to better control the UVT Transform, which in turn provides better alignment between the UVT space and the seismic signal, a condition sine-qua-non of correctly merging well and seismic information away from the wells.
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